A.F. Thomas's address to the Sphex Club discusses the evolution and challenges of credit systems in promoting civilization. He analyzes the cyclical nature of economic panics, attributing them to imbalances in credit and product values, leading to inflation and deflation. He criticizes the inadequacies of the credit system, particularly post-World War I, highlighting the moral and economic consequences of inflation and deflation on creditors and debtors.
This address, delivered by Samuel Eliot Morison, revisits the significant yet underexplored contributions of John Cabot, an Italian navigator, to England's maritime history. Morison underscores the pivotal role Cabot played in challenging the Iberian monopoly over the New World in 1497, marking him as a foundational figure in England's colonial ambitions in North America. Despite the scarcity of direct historical evidence about Cabot's life and voyages, Morison highlights the determination and skill that led Cabot to the North American coast, predating other notable explorations. Morison also touches on the challenges and mysteries surrounding Cabot's subsequent voyage in 1498, offering hypotheses on its fate based on navigational and historical context. This recounting not only celebrates Cabot's contributions but also situates them within the broader narrative of England's emergence as a formidable maritime power, setting the stage for the expansive English Empire in America.
The paper "The Cerberus Was A Spy" by George T. Stewart narrates the life of Moe Berg, a Jewish baseball player who became a spy. It recounts historical events and Berg's remarkable intelligence work during WWII, highlighting his linguistic skills, contributions to atomic research espionage, and role in the defeat of the Axis powers.
The paper, "THE CHINESE STARTED IT," presented by Cranston Williams, discusses the history of papermaking from its origins in China to its development in Virginia and the southern United States. It details the technological advancements in the industry and highlights the significant role of Dr. Charles H. Herty in developing newsprint from Southern pine, revolutionizing the paper industry in the South.
Peter Houck's lecture, "The Copper Commodity Market, Ca. 1600," presented on November 15, 1990, delves into the historical and economic significance of copper trade among the Native American tribes, particularly the Monacans, and its impact on the survival and economic strategies of early Jamestown colonists. Houck explores the advanced trade networks that existed among indigenous tribes, extending beyond the Virginia Piedmont, and how these networks included commodities like copper, valued both for practical and ceremonial uses. Houck asserts that copper played a pivotal role in the dynamics of Native American-European relations, influencing both cultural exchanges and conflicts. Houck challenges traditional narratives, emphasizing economic motives over romanticized historical interpretations, and sheds light on the Monacans' strategic use of copper as a trading asset.
Herbert R. Moore's paper "The Deluxe Mix-Master," recounts his personal experiences and highlights the impact of the National Conference for Community and Justice (NCCJ) in promoting racial, religious, and cultural harmony. Moore shares anecdotes from his life, including hosting Reverend Jesse Jackson and addressing membership issues related to race at his church, to illustrate the importance of understanding and respect among diverse communities. He discusses NCCJ's history, from its inception in 1927 to address bias and bigotry, to its contemporary efforts like Metrotown and Unitown programs that engage youth in dialogue about prejudice and acceptance. The paper emphasizes NCCJ's role in facilitating community cohesion through education, advocacy, and action, reflecting Moore's dedication to social justice and ecumenical ministry.
This academic paper discusses the origins, nature, and purposes of The Duke Endowment, established by James Buchanan Duke. It outlines Duke's vision of leveraging his business success into philanthropy, focusing on education, religion, and hospitalization within the Carolinas and beyond. The paper highlights the unique approach of using a business (the Duke Power System) to fund charitable activities, emphasizing self-sustainability and community benefit. It also details Duke University's establishment and expansion, aiming to create a leading educational institution with a practical, rather than theoretical, focus. The paper concludes by reflecting on the enduring impact of Duke's philanthropy on education, health care, and religious life in the South.
This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the enduring effects of systemic racial injustices in the United States, particularly focusing on the disproportionally high incarceration rates of African Americans. Through a critical analysis of Michelle Alexander's "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness," it highlights the evolution of racial discrimination from the era of slavery through the Jim Crow laws to the present-day criminal justice system. The paper emphasizes the role of drug policies and mandatory minimum sentencing in exacerbating these disparities. It underscores the critical need for reform and the persistent challenges that African Americans face due to a racially biased system.
This paper by J. Burroughs Noell offers a comprehensive examination of the English Legal System, highlighting its structure, sources, and evolution. Noell explores the unique aspects of English law, distinguishing between the legal systems of England and Wales versus those of Northern Ireland and Scotland. He elucidates the absence of a unified legal code, emphasizing judicial precedents and legislation as the main sources of law. The paper details various courts' origins, jurisdictions, and the evolution of legal reporting through the Year Books and Law Reports. It also discusses the significant reforms introduced by the Judicature Acts of 1873 and 1875, the role of county courts, the appellate system, special courts, and the appointment process for the judiciary. The distinction between barristers and solicitors, along with the ceremonial aspects of the legal profession, are also covered. Noell concludes with observations on criticisms of the system's antiquated nature and the potential for reforms.
Julius A. Sigler's paper, "The Environmentalist's Dilemma," delves into the complexities of advocating for environmental conservation while grappling with the inherent challenges of articulating a compelling rationale for such advocacy. Sigler recounts his personal journey towards understanding environmental issues and developing an "environmental ethic" to guide decision-making. Through historical perspectives on environmental thought, personal anecdotes, and discussions on specific environmental challenges like Chesapeake Bay's deterioration, Sigler illustrates the nuanced debate between conservation and preservation. He emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to environmental management that recognizes the interconnectedness of human and natural systems, advocating for policies that balance economic, ethical, and ecological considerations.
The paper "The Fellowship" by Stephanie L. Ferguson discusses the White House Fellowship (WHF), a prestigious leadership and service program established in 1964 by President Johnson. The WHF selects 11-18 exceptional individuals annually to work with senior officials, engage in educational activities, and participate in service projects. The program has produced over 800 leaders in various sectors. Ferguson shares her experience and upcoming role as President of the WHF Foundation and Alumni Association. The author provided this summary but not the full text of her remarks.
This academic paper by Marc A. Schewel, explores the personal and historical context of anti-Semitism and the Holocaust, juxtaposing personal experiences of growing up Jewish in America with a broader historical analysis. Schewel reflects on his own life, largely untouched by overt anti-Semitism, while delving into the evolution of Jewish persecution and the Holocaust's legacy. The paper emphasizes the Holocaust's significance in understanding the Third Reich, the challenges of commemoration, and the shift in American attitudes toward Jews post-WWII. It critically examines how societal and governmental responses to Jewish refugees before and during the war contributed to the Holocaust's devastation and discusses the slow transformation of societal views on Jews in the aftermath.
The paper delves into the historical significance and economic implications of the first iron furnace in America, located on Falling Creek, Virginia. It explores Virginia's pivotal role in iron production during various American conflicts and its influence on the economy, especially during reconstruction and World Wars. The paper discusses the challenges and developments in iron manufacturing, from early colonial efforts thwarted by Native American attacks to the establishment of successful ironworks, reflecting on the broader historical and economic impacts of iron and steel in America.
James A. Huston explains that the fourth letter in SPHEX is E for Education. He then proceeds to discuss sixteen mistakes (see Keywords) in beliefs, rules and practices that have weakened education in the United States. Huston believes these mistaken policies have put us behind many other countries and in many cases have endangered our school children. Huston suggests that we move away from the current “faddism” in education.
The paper discusses the nature of fads, their life cycles, and their impact on society. Sorenson uses various examples, including the Atkins diet and Beanie Babies, to illustrate the phases of a fad—emergence, rapid growth, and decline. He also examines social media phenomena like Facebook and Twitter, questioning whether they are enduring innovations or fleeting fads.
This academic paper presented by Dr. Paul McKendrick explores the issue of income inequality, particularly its effects on educational outcomes and the well-being of children in poor families. McKendrick discusses the widening wealth gap, its historical context, and its impact on various societal aspects such as health, education, and social mobility. He highlights the importance of addressing income inequality through policy and community efforts to improve the lives of the impoverished, especially children, who suffer disproportionate effects. The paper emphasizes strategies that have succeeded in improving educational outcomes for at-risk students, advocating for the creation of caring, inclusive communities that support all children's academic and social development.
This academic paper by David T. Petty, Jr. delves into the complexities of how the world views America, emphasizing the paradox of global admiration and resentment towards U.S. culture and policies. Petty leverages a plethora of international perspectives, showcasing the dichotomy between the global embrace of American pop culture and the simultaneous disdain for American geopolitical actions. The paper intricately explores the multifaceted nature of international opinions on America, rooted in historical contexts and contemporary global events, particularly the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, highlighting a unified American identity against terrorism. This exploration is not only academically rich but also timely, reflecting on the evolving global landscape and America's place within it.
This paper, presented by Ronald V. Dolan to the Sphex Club on January 8, 2004, explores the fascinating and multifaceted concept of the Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio. Dolan discusses their historical origins, mathematical properties, and diverse occurrences in nature, art, and human creativity. The paper blends mathematical rigor with anecdotes and historical context, aiming to entertain and educate about these mathematical marvels.
Dr. Huston recalls his young peers who before high school created an athletic club that had no adult direction or supervision and no financial support. The teams they created were competitive in many sports, even playing in national championships. The author's final message is “give the game back to the kids.” He concludes by discussing Division III, non-scholarship college sports.
This paper by Elisabeth Muhlenfeld explores the origins and evolution of Sweet Briar College, emphasizing its pioneering role in women's education. Beginning with the history of Elijah Fletcher and his family's values, Muhlenfeld narrates how Indiana Fletcher Williams founded the college in memory of her daughter Daisy. The paper discusses the challenges and innovations of early women's higher education, contrasting traditional methods with Sweet Briar's contemporary, integrative approach. It highlights the college's commitment to a liberal arts education, student government, and the significant role of faculty and students in shaping its culture. Muhlenfeld concludes by reflecting on the college's adaptability to societal changes over a century, maintaining its mission and single-sex status.
