The collection of the Sphex Club, of Lynchburg, Virginia, includes minutes ofmeetings, the constitution and bylaws of the Club, a roster of its members, and a listing ofSphex papers presented by members and guests of the Club. In addition to this guide, thecollection is outlined in more detail in “Sphex in the Jones Memorial Library,” ChapterVI of the Club history, The Sphex Club of Lynchburg, Virginia: The First One HundredYears, 1910-2010, by James M. Elson.
This paper, titled "From Canoe to Packet Boat," details the evolution of river transportation in Virginia, focusing primarily on the transformation from Indian dug-out canoes to the more sophisticated packet boats navigating the James River. It examines the adaptation and innovations in river transport methods due to agricultural needs, economic growth, and geographical challenges, particularly the obstacles posed by the James River itself. The paper illustrates how the development of transportation on the James River was integral to Virginia's economic expansion, particularly the tobacco trade, and highlights significant historical events and figures that influenced these changes.
This paper by Herbert R. Moore recounts the history and impact of the Lynchburg Covenant Fellowship (LCF), a pioneering ecumenical ministry in Lynchburg, Virginia, focusing on its origins in the late 1940s, evolution, and diverse community projects. It details LCF's role in fostering Judeo-Christian unity, addressing social justice issues, and initiating various community programs, including housing development, homelessness solutions, and support services for the marginalized. The narrative emphasizes LCF's commitment to ecumenical collaboration, innovative solutions to urban problems, and the transformative power of faith-driven community service.
George W. Dawson's paper "From Kharkov to Crozet," presented to the SPHEX Club, discusses U.S. immigration policy juxtaposed with the personal histories of Zhanna and Frina Arshanskaya, survivors of the Holocaust. Dawson explores historical U.S. ambivalence towards immigration, from open borders in the 17th century to restrictive laws in the 20th century. His dramatic family story illustrates broader themes of national identity and policy impact, emphasizing shifts in public opinion and policy in response to global and domestic challenges.
The paper "From many an ancient river..." by Joe Stinnett, explores the emigration of African Americans from Lynchburg, Virginia, to Liberia between 1828 and 1865, highlighting the 1865 Lynchburg group. Stinnett discusses the motivations behind the colonization movement, the challenges faced by emigrants, and the significant role Lynchburg played in the American Colonization Society’s efforts. Key sources include historical records and personal letters from emigrants.
The paper provides an in-depth exploration of the Rastafarian movement, focusing on its origins, beliefs, and cultural impact. Originating in Jamaica during the 1930s, Rastafarianism is a syncretic religion emphasizing Black empowerment, Pan-Africanism, and a back-to-Africa movement, inspired by Marcus Garvey. The religion grew from less than seventy thousand to over a million adherents globally. Key topics include the historical context of Jamaica, Marcus Garvey's influence, the unique cultural practices of Rastafarians, and the impact of Haile Selassie and Ethiopia on the movement.
James M. Elson's paper, "Generations: Their Influence on You and Your Descendants," examines the cyclical nature of generational influence on society and individual lives. Drawing on theories by Strauss and Howe, Elson outlines how historical events shape generational characteristics and cycles, and how these cycles impact public policy, business practices, and personal decisions.
Rabbi Shapiro's paper dwells on the Cairo Genizah, a collection of documents from the Cairo Jewish community between the 10th and 13th centuries. It consists of tracts, letters, money orders,, book remnants and others that together compose a mosaic of Jewish life. It also includes the Damascus Covenant, describing a lost Jewish sect mentioned in the Qumran scrolls. Shapiro recounts the story of how these documents came to reside at Cambridge University. Its rescue led to the acquisition of other genizas. He recounts details from the documents and discusses what the documents reveal about Jewsih culture of that period, and the great similarities with modern Jewish culture.
This presentation by Nancy Marion delves into the evolution of Virginia's road systems from Native American trails through the era of Henry Ford's influence on transportation. The speaker, fascinated by the transformation of Lynchburg and its roads, explores the historical context and development of major routes that have shaped interstate highways today. Through maps and narratives, the presentation covers the transition from reliance on waterways and rugged paths to sophisticated road networks, highlighting significant changes in infrastructure, transportation engineering practices, and the societal shift towards automobile travel. The talk reflects on both the technical advancements in road construction and the broader implications for commerce, mobility, and cultural landscapes in Virginia.
Richard P. Gifford's paper, "Girding for the Battle for Freedom," analyzes the contemporary church-state issue in the United States. It reviews historical church-state relations, critiques the 1963 New York decision to ban the stanza of "America," and argues for the importance of maintaining religious references in public life to preserve true freedom under God.
J. Everette Fauber Jr.'s "Goodbye, Wilderness" explores the ethical and philosophical dichotomy between natural and human-altered worlds. The paper contrasts the inherent cooperation in the animal kingdom with human behavior, questioning moral boundaries and environmental impact. It discusses themes of evolution, natural instincts, and the consequences of technological and societal advancements, ultimately challenging readers to reflect on humanity's role and responsibilities.
This academic paper critically examines the growth and implications of bureaucratic structures within the U.S. government, particularly during the administrations under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It highlights the extensive increase in the number of federal bureaus and their employees, spurred predominantly by executive orders, and critiques the inefficiencies and potential threats to democracy posed by these sprawling governmental agencies. The paper discusses historical changes, personnel policies, and the impact of bureaucracy on governmental efficiency and democratic governance.
A discussion of the failure of federal farm policy to keep farmers on their farms, maintain farm income, prevent unnecessary surpluses, be cost-effective, and adapt to changes in productivity.
This academic paper explores the life and legacy of Anne Spencer, a notable figure in the Harlem Renaissance. McKendrick delves into Spencer's multifaceted identity as a poet, her experiences with racial dynamics, and her significant contributions to African American literature. Despite the challenge of encapsulating Spencer's 93-year life within a concise presentation, the paper highlights her defiance of societal norms, her nuanced approach to race and identity, and her unique voice in poetry that transcends protest to embody beauty, control, and a profound connection with nature. Spencer's work and life story are contextualized within the broader narrative of the Harlem Renaissance, emphasizing her influence and the challenges she faced in gaining recognition.
The paper by James M. Elson, presented to the Sphex Club in 2000, explores Patrick Henry's role in the Virginia Convention of 1788, focusing on his opposition to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Elson details Henry's political philosophy, his eloquent speeches, and his influence on the inclusion of a Bill of Rights. Despite Henry's fears of a centralized government, the Constitution was ultimately ratified.
Dr. Thomas Tiller's presentation, "Hearing Voices," examines the evolution and impact of race relations and equality movements in the United States, contextualized within the framework of America's three historical reconstructions. The paper discusses the recent resurgence in racial justice activism, its historical precedents, and the potential future implications for societal change and reforms in areas like policing and reparations. The title refers to the many messages about our civil rights deficits we have received and not attended to, and the author highlights the step-forward, step-backward nature of civil rights efforts in the US.
Thomas C. Tiller's lecture outlines the complex history and contemporary challenges of nuclear weapons under eleven U.S. presidents. It covers the inception of nuclear arms during FDR's term, emphasizing the scientific breakthroughs and the ethical dilemmas faced by leaders, particularly Truman's decision to use atomic bombs on Japan. The narrative progresses through subsequent administrations, highlighting shifts towards deterrence, arms control efforts like SALT and START treaties, and the end of the Cold War. Tiller also discusses the modern nuclear threats from countries like North Korea and Iran, the proliferation risks, and the renewed global dialogue on nuclear disarmament, referencing significant contributions like the Wall Street Journal op-ed by Shultz, Perry, Kissinger, and Nunn advocating for a world free of nuclear weapons. The paper concludes by questioning the financial and moral costs of nuclear armament and echoing Eisenhower's call for a reevaluation of priorities towards peace and prosperity.
Julie Doyle's lecture at SPHEX on November 3, 2011, titled "Here Come the Kleagles," ventures into an unexplored segment of Notre Dame's history, revealing its unexpected intersection with the Ku Klux Klan's activities in the 1920s. Doyle unveils how Notre Dame, a symbol of Catholic education and values, became a battleground against the KKK's resurgence, highlighting a lesser-known chapter of the university's legacy. Through detailed recounting, she illuminates the courageous stand taken by Notre Dame students against the Klan's attempt to parade through South Bend, Indiana, thereby challenging and overcoming the Klan's message of hate and bigotry.
Lewellys F. Barker's paper, Heredity and Environment from the Medical Viewpoint, presented on 4/7/1923, delves into the impact of heredity and environment on medical conditions, exploring the balance between genetic predispositions and external factors in disease development. Barker emphasizes the role of internal secretions in physical and mental development, and discusses the implications for medical treatment and societal health.
